TLR3 and viral infectious disease: In addition to DRs, other types of stimuli, including engagement of Toll-like receptors 3 and 4 (TLR3, TLR4) by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), pathogen-derived double-stranded DNA/RNA (dsDNA/RNA), T-cell receptor stimulation, type I and type II interferons (IFNs), virus infection via the z-DNA sensor DNA-dependent activator of IFN regulatory factors (DAI) and genotoxic stress, can trigger necroptosis [23, 30–33].