In pathological conditions in which both IL-18 and IL-18BP were measured, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and IgG4-related disease, the higher levels of circulating IL-18 are paralleled by increased circulating IL-18BP, most likely as an attempt to counteract the excess of IL-18 [28–33]. This evidence concerns the gene IL18BP and systemic lupus erythematosus.