VEGFA and adrenal cortex carcinoma: Several phase II studies have investigated molecular target therapies in patients with advanced ACC: inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; erlotinib and gefitinib), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR; everolimus), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and c-KIT (imatinib), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; bevacizumab) and antibodies against insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R; figitumumab and cixutumumab) did not demonstrate any effectiveness 38.