IFNG and neoplasm: T lymphocytes can exert both inhibitory and stimulating effects on carcinogenesis through the cytokines they release; interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-17, and IL-23 have a proinflammatory effect, favouring tumour progression, IL-12 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) exhibit an antitumour effect and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and IL-6 exert direct action on cell survival [20].