GRK5 expression is also increased in dilated cardiomyopathy and volume-overloaded human left ventricle (Dzimiri et al., 2004), whereas the expression of GRK3 remains stable in dilated cardiomyopathy and is slightly induced in patients with right ventricular volume overload (Ungerer et al., 1993, 1996; Dzimiri et al., 2004). This evidence concerns the gene GRK3 and dilated cardiomyopathy.