There are tissue and cell-specific differences in the regulation of caspase-11; while type I IFNs are strongly required for caspase-11 activation in BMDM [15, 57], Ifnar−/− and Trif−/− mice show no impairment in caspase-11 transcription or activation in the murine colon during DSS-colitis [12]. Here, IFNAR1 is linked to colitis.