To further test the hypothesis that FOXM1 modulates 5-FU response through regulating TYMS expression levels in CCA, KKU-D131 and HuCCA cells were treated with a lower dose (20 μM) of 5-FU, which has differential cytotoxic effects on the comparatively more sensitive and resistant CCA cells (Fig. 7). This evidence concerns the gene FOXM1 and cholangiocarcinoma.