On the other hand, hypoparathyroidism can range from symptomatic or asymptomatic hypocalcemia with low or undetectable parathyroid hormone (PTH) serum levels to paresthesias (Van Esch et al., 2000), while also renal abnormalities present an incomplete penetrance that includes renal dysplasia, hypoplasia, aplasia and vesico-ureteric reflux in one or both kidneys. Here, PTH is linked to renal dysplasia.