INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: When injected into the ventricles of obese rats, IL-6 has been shown to restore the anorexigenic effects of insulin and leptin by promoting IL-10-mediated inhibition of IKB kinase β/NFκB signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress responses.85 IL-6 knockout mice develop late-onset obesity and glucose intolerance.86