Both, innate immune mechanisms and T cell responses against malignant cells result in the production of a myriad of cytokines, such as interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-22, all of which also impact on iron fluxes in the MPS contributing to the development of hypoferremia and hyperferritinemia as typical immune-driven alterations of iron metabolism (83–90). Here, TNF is linked to isolated hyperferritinemia.