TLR4 and diabetes mellitus: In diabetic patients, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels are responsible for stimulating TLR-4 expression in monocytes suggesting a molecular link between inflammation and metabolic control in the metabolic syndrome-associated disorders such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hemodynamic abnormalities, implicated to represent a predisposing factor for diabetes and potential complications [27].