We have previously demonstrated that different cytokines, which are present in the dialysate during peritonitis (e.g., IL-1β, TNFα, TGF-β, and IL-6) can regulate VEGF production by the mesothelium in a context dependent manner by engaging different sets of transcription factors (Catar et al., 2013, 2017). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is peritonitis.