However, other studies have shown in patients with coronary disease, thiazolinediones have no improvements in atrial fibrillation compared with other diabetes treatments including metformin, insulin, sulfonylurea or meglitinides, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effects of thiazolinediones does not further improve anti-arrhythmia effects of controlling glucose levels (Pallisgaard et al., 2018). Here, INS is linked to atrial fibrillation.