INS and Retinal dystrophy: In a series of preclinical studies conducted using mouse and rat models over the last decade we have provided proof of concept for the use of proinsulin as neuroprotective agent in the treatment of retinal dystrophies, particularly RP (Corrochano et al., 2008; Fernández-Sánchez et al., 2012; Isiegas et al., 2016).