Our discovery of the requirement of ADNP for brain formation (Pinhasov et al., 2003) coupled with the finding that a major phenotypic outcome of ADNP haploinsufficency in mice leads to cognitive impairments, placed ADNP as a key regulatory gene for brain function (Vulih-Shultzman et al., 2007). This evidence concerns the gene ADNP and Cognitive impairment.