To substantiate this hypothesis, in this study we aimed to: (1) map the gene expression and localization of NP and their receptors (NPR) in human post-mortem brain tissue; (2) compare the relative amounts of NP and NPR between the brain tissue of AD patients and non-demented controls, and (3) compare the relative amounts of NP between the CSF of AD patients and controls. The gene discussed is NPTXR; the disease is Alzheimer disease.