IL1B and acute kidney injury: Patients with AKI exhibited increased serum levels of IS (AKI, 18.1 ± 4.5 vs. non-AKI, 3.9 ± 0.6 μM; Fig. 1a, b) and IL-1β (AKI, 467 ± 50 vs. non-AKI, 97 ± 12 pg/mL; Additional file 1: Figure S2, Fig. 1c).