To determine whether HMGB1 could facilitate the expansion of TIM-1+ B cells, we added HMGB1 or a neutralizing antibody against HMGB1 to the culture system and found that HMGB1 alone could facilitate the production of TIM-1+B cells, while the neutralizing antibody against HMGB1 could reverse the promotive effect of tumor-derived exosomes on the development of TIM-1+B cells (Fig. 4j, and k). Here, HMGB1 is linked to neoplasm.