All populations of HBs-190-197-, HBc93–100-, and OVA257–264-specific CD8+ T cells were detected in the tumors of mice receiving the AKT-OVA-HBc-HBs-LUC plasmid (Ag+) but not in the tumors of mice receiving the AKT-LUC plasmid (Ag−) (Fig. 5a-c, see Additional file 3: Figure S2A-B), indicating the expression of these surrogate tumor Ags in the cancer cells. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.