BBC3 and cancer: 15. It is located in the mitochondria where it stimulates cell apoptosis when modulated by mitochondrial malfunction 16. It acts against the activities of Mcl‐1 as well as Bcl‐XL via Bax/Bak 17. It has been indicated by various studies that cancer growth can be suppressed by PUMA 18. Additionally, PUMA independent of or accompanied by chemotherapy or radiotherapeutic agents displays a remarkable capacity to counteract the development of various types of malignancies 19, 20.