As SGLT-2 inhibition does not appear to require preserved kidney function or overt hyperglycaemia to have important pharmacological effects, another large, prospective, placebo-controlled trial called EMPA-KIDNEY (The Study of Heart and Kidney Protection With Empagliflozin) is now planned in order to test definitively whether SGLT-2 inhibition with empagliflozin can reduce the risk of cardio-renal outcomes in a broad range of people with CKD, including individuals with overt albuminuria and those with low eGFR, irrespective of their level of albuminuria. This evidence concerns the gene SLC5A2 and chronic kidney disease.