ABCF2 and infection: After infection of EPEC, the host cell Abcf2 protein level is decreased, and the levels of caspase 9 and caspase 3 in Abcf2 gene-silenced cells are reduced, which depend on EspF, indicating that EspF binds to Abcf2 and inhibits its anti-apoptotic effect, thereby inducing or promoting cell apoptosis (Nougayrède et al., 2007).