Given the collective evidence demonstrating that podocyte insulin signaling is disrupted in disease, and that the disruption to podocyte insulin responses (either loss of IR signaling or uncontrolled activation of selective signaling branches) is detrimental, it stands to reason that that strategies to protect podocyte insulin signaling may be beneficial in the treatment of albuminuric renal disease; particularly in the setting of systemic insulin resistance. Here, INS is linked to Insulin resistance.