SNCA and Parkinson disease: IL-6 and IL-1β expression were elevated in response to stimulation by both LPS and α-synuclein (2-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey's test p < 0.0001; Gene expression, relative units mean ± standard deviation(SD), IL-6: unstimulated PD = 2.18 ± 4.28, Control = 1.67 ± 2.82; α-synuclein PD = 929.72 ± 485.93, Control = 845.05 ± 419.67; LPS PD = 989.05 ± 968.66, Control = 810.00 ± 731.10, IL-1β: unstimulated PD = 2.99 ± 3.72, Control = 2.54 ± 3.76; α-synuclein PD = 207.01 ± 95.13, Control = 171.39 ± 60.10; LPS PD = 155.59 ± 116.50, Control = 136.77 ± 86.64).