Hayase et al. (2010) showed that TSD patient cerebrospinal fluid has significantly increased levels of TNF-α pro-inflammatory cytokine, which is involved in the induction of inflammatory response. The authors suggested that an increase in TNF-α level indicates inflammation in the CNS and may contribute to disease progression (Hayase et al., 2010). Utz et al. (2015) identified five possible inflammatory biomarkers ENA-78, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and TNFR2, increased levels of these in the cerebrospinal fluid is associated with infantile gangliosidosis. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Tay-Sachs disease.