NLRP3 and diabetes mellitus: As shown in Figures 9A,B, when compared with the normal rats, TXNIP, NLRP3, and ASC expression were obviously increased in DM rats, respectively, 2.39, 2.42, 3.11 times of the control rats, indicating that the inflammation and oxidative stress was activated in the hippocampus of the DM rats (P < 0.01).