PLOD1 and polycystic ovary syndrome: With regard to sex hormones, PCOS patients showed excess androgen levels and a lack of periodic female hormone secretion, such as significantly higher testosterone and LH/FSH (42.7% and 23.93% higher, respectively), as well as lower estradiol and progesterone, compared to those in healthy subjects (38.94% and 62.93% lower, respectively) (P < 0.001).