TNF and cancer: Finally, our results indicated that four genes (IL2RB, IL2RG, TLR8, and TNF) and their related target drugs, including aldesleukin (recombinant IL-2), imiquimod (Toll-like receptor activator), and thalidomide (immunomodulatory drug) may provide replacement strategies for developing adjuvant agents in combined anti-PD-L1 cancer immunotherapy.