The testing and follow-up testing costs were 200517.9, 320101.8, 428549.3, 740389.1 and 403732.8 for the prediabetes detecting strategies of FPG-WHO, FPG-ADA, 2h-PG, HbA1c and OGTT (Fig. 3A). The gene discussed is ADA; the disease is prediabetes syndrome.