Notably, reduction in Cx43 at the membrane and attenuation of GJIC in a rat osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cell line (ROS 17/2.8) resulted in reduced Sp1 recruitment to CxREs through decreased Sp1 phosphorylation by the ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade78. This evidence concerns the gene GJA1 and osteosarcoma.