HMGB1 and dermatitis: Taken all together, these results suggest that tape stripping triggered keratinocyte death and release of HMGB-1 and IL-1α, which then stimulated the surrounding live keratinocytes to produce IL-1β, CXCL-1, CXCL-2, and CXCL-3, thus exacerbating skin inflammation with acanthosis and infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages.