Furthermore, by comparing the ability of cells in expressing HBV antigens from infection (PHH and HepG2-hNTCP-A3 cells) and from integration (HepG2.2.15, HepG2-Env, and PLC/PRF5-A2+ cells), we showed that the HLA-A*02:01 immunodominant HBs183-91 envelope epitope (37) was presented more efficiently in targets with HBV DNA integration than in HBV-infected HepG2-hNTCP-A3 cells. Here, ERVW-1 is linked to infection.