VHL and renal cell carcinoma: VHL-deficient RCC cell lines (786-0) lack primary cilia (Dere et al., 2015; Hasanov et al., 2017; Lolkema et al., 2008; Thoma et al., 2007); however, re-expressing VHL in these cell lines (786-0 VHLL) does not elicit cilia formation under the conditions used in our studies (Fig. 4E,F).