GLP1R and Cognitive impairment: GLP-1 prevented the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression in cultured rat astrocytes [42], promotes neurogenesis, neuronal survival, and synaptic integrity; it restores long-term potentiation and ameliorates cognitive deficits [43] and GLP-1R signaling in the ventral hippocampus reduces food preference for high palatable-food [44].