Apart from its role in imparting stem-like characteristics to cancers, SOX2 has been implicated in developing resistance to chemotherapeutics used in common clinical set up as discussed briefly in this section (Bareiss et al., 2013; Piva et al., 2014; Mu et al., 2017; Mukherjee et al., 2017). The gene discussed is SOX2; the disease is cancer.