Although NSCLC regression upon immunotherapy with anti-programmed death-1 monoclonal antibodies (anti-PD-1) was associated with T-cell responses against SOX2, none of the patients who lacked SOX2-specific T cells could experience disease regression following immune checkpoint blockade and it had been shown that the administration of PD-1-blocking antibodies was associated with amplification of SOX2-specific immune responses in vivo (Dhodapkar et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene SOX2 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.