VEGFA and neoplasm: The exact mechanism of increased FPH rates in TC cohort has not been clarified yet, but vascular invasion by the tumor cells and related intratumoral ischemia have previously been reported to be common features of cavitating SqCLCs [21], which cause FPH by disruption of the abnormal tumor vessels via secretion of several transcription factors and angiogenic cytokines, such as the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors and vascular endothelial growth factors [22].