The gene product from this gene, DNA-PK, which is also a component of the system that senses foreign nucleotides in the cell to initiate innate immune responses [38] has been reported to be important for successful infection with AAV viruses [39], raising the possibility that the big difference in dose requirement between diabetic NOD mice and diabetic NODscid mice may be due to the effects of this gene on innate immunity in addition to effects on adaptive immunity. This evidence concerns the gene PRKDC and infection.