VEGFA and vascular neoplasm: In dogs, B. vinsonii berkhoffii can induce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) endothelial cell proliferations, as reported for B. bacilliformis, B. henselae and B. quintana in human patients [121] leading to vascular tumor formation [118] and vasoproliferation, particularly in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or therapeutic suppression of the immune system [121].