Consistent with a reduction of Tregs function, TGF-β1 expression, though not significant, was lower in VHL-MUT RCC as compared to VHL-WT-RCC (2.5 ± 1.0 vs 4.9 ± 1.15, p = 0.16 Fig. 4D). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and renal cell carcinoma.