The immunomodulatory agent thalidomide prevents NF-κB from binding to the promoters of its target genes (including TNF and IFNG), and combined treatment of thalidomide and dexamethasone extends disease-free survival of two NKTCL patients with hemophagocytic syndrome who express ECSIT-V140A for longer than 3 years [25]. The gene discussed is ECSIT; the disease is extranodal nasal NK/T cell lymphoma.