CXCL12 and breast carcinoma: In the context of breast cancer, AMD3100 (i) inhibits the SDF-1-induced activation of diverse oncogenic signals such as the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway [141], (ii) increases cellular sensitivity to carboplatin [142], (iii) cooperates with a pure antiestrogen to decrease breast cancer cell proliferation and migration induced by mesenchymal stem cells [143] and (iv) attenuates hypoxia-dependent metastatic potential [144].