A final limitation is the lack of PCR array results for the GDM/SIRT1(↔) subjects; however, as transcriptional differences in most diabetes-related genes were found to be modest between the GDM/SIRT1(↑) and NGT groups, it may be expected that they will be smaller between the GDM/SIRT1(↔) and NGT groups. This evidence concerns the gene SIRT1 and gestational diabetes.