Another mechanism through which the IGF system regulates TC development, growth, proliferation, invasion, and biological behavior, thereby contributing to thyroid tumorigenesis, is the collaboration with other pro-mitogenic signaling pathways such as MAPK, PI3-K, Janus kinase/signal transducer, and the activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) cascades [70]. Here, PIK3CA is linked to thyroid gland disorder.