Nonetheless, H111 is more virulent than strains including B. stabilis and B. vietnamiensis, which cause persistent infection in zebrafish [29], and can still cause fatal infection in a manner that is totally dependent on afc. This suggests that shvR-inducing signals must be present during infection in zebrafish and G. mellonella, but that expression levels are sub-optimal compared to K56-2, since overexpression of shvR from the lac promoter increases virulence to H111 to almost K56-2 levels. Here, LCT is linked to infection.