However, even these have identified potentially spurious associations, because analyses of breast/ovarian cancer families have identified a real association with ‘ovarian’ cancer, but a potentially false association with breast cancer.15,16 In particular, initial breast cancer associations with RAD51C, RAD51D and BRIP1 were later called into question with breast cancer-specific analysis.15,16 Hence, these three genes are not on the UK’s National Health Service breast cancer panel,17 but they do appear on most commercial ‘breast cancer’ specific panels. Here, RAD51D is linked to ovarian cancer.