RAD51C and ovarian carcinoma: However, even these have identified potentially spurious associations, because analyses of breast/ovarian cancer families have identified a real association with ‘ovarian’ cancer, but a potentially false association with breast cancer.15,16 In particular, initial breast cancer associations with RAD51C, RAD51D and BRIP1 were later called into question with breast cancer-specific analysis.15,16 Hence, these three genes are not on the UK’s National Health Service breast cancer panel,17 but they do appear on most commercial ‘breast cancer’ specific panels.