CCL2 and neoplasm: The HED group displayed the most extensive tumour formation at all the peritoneum-related organ and metastatic sites, accompanied with increased plasma levels of leptin and other inflammatory cytokines/hormonal substances, e.g., IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), VEGF, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).