MTOR and cancer: In fact, pharmaceutical companies have discovered impressive arrays of small molecules targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade elements which are currently undergoing evaluation in preclinical and clinical studies mainly in cancer and transplantation, even though mTOR inhibitors are being also considered for other pathological conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis and a wide spectrum of neurologic disorders where aberrant mTOR pathway activity is consistently observed [22, 27, 28, 32].