NR3C1 and depressive symptom measurement: Subjects: children (n = 241, 51 female), aged 4–16 years with conduct problems (full or symptoms of ODD or CD according DSM-IV), referred to the Australian Normative Sample as control (19). Diagnostics: DSM-IV, SDQ, DISCAP. Comorbidity: ODD/CD 66%, ADHD 26%, anxiety/depression 6%, ASD 5%. Methods: Genotyping and selective methylation analysis of NR3C1 promoter exon 1F (12 CpG sites) by mass spectroscopy. Morning cortisol plasma levels were quantified by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay.