While IL-17 was the only one significantly increased, several other inflammatory factors attracting and activating eosinophils (i.e., RANTES, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-13, GM-CSF, and IL-5) showed a trend toward enrichment in the BM sera of SMM patients rapidly progressing to MM (Supplementary Fig. 7). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and Miyoshi myopathy.