In conclusion, the high frequency of detection of HPV in PCa, combinations of genotypes with oncogenic potential that dominated in the PCa group, identification of HPV associated koilocytes, and overexpression of p16INK4A in prostate cancer specimens constitute evidence suggesting the association of HPV with PCa and a potential role for the virus in the etiology of PCa. The gene discussed is CDKN2A; the disease is Familial prostate cancer.